Appetite, Volume 50, Issue 01 (January 2008)
by: P. Atkins, H.R. Berthoud, N.W. Bond, D. Hoffman, A. Jansen, S. Thornton, Y. Wada and D.A. Zellner (Executive Editors)
en | Elsevier Ltd.
Appetite is an international research journal specializing in behavioural nutrition and the cultural, sensory, and physiological influences on choices and intakes of foods and drinks. It covers normal and disordered eating and drinking, dietary attitudes and practices and all aspects of the bases of human and animal behaviour toward food.
The journal carries short communications, book reviews and abstracts from major meetings in the social science, psychology or neuroscience of food consumption, including the Association for the Study of Food in Society, the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior, and conferences on Food Choice.
Research Areas Include:
• Preventive, experimental and clinical nutrition
• Eating disorders
• Sensory evaluation of foods
• Food attitudes and marketing
• Ethnography of food habits
• Psychology of ingestion
• Zoology of foraging
• Neuroscience of feeding and drinking
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Table of Contents:
Research Reviews
How emotions affect eating: A five-way model. Michael Macht. Pages 1-11
Abstract
Despite the importance of affective processes in eating behaviour, it remains difficult to predict how emotions affect eating. Emphasizing individual differences, previous research did not pay full attention to the twofold variability of emotion-induced changes of eating (variability across both individuals and emotions). By contrast, the present paper takes into account both individual characteristics and emotion features, and specifies five classes of emotion-induced changes of eating: (1) emotional control of food choice, (2) emotional suppression of food intake, (3) impairment of cognitive eating controls, (4) eating to regulate emotions, and (5) emotion-congruent modulation of eating. These classes are distinguished by antecedent conditions, eating responses and mediating mechanisms. They point to basic functional principles underlying the relations between emotions and biologically based motives: interference, concomitance and regulation. Thus, emotion-induced changes of eating can be a result of interference of eating by emotions, a by-product of emotions, and a consequence of regulatory processes (i.e., emotions may regulate eating, and eating may regulate emotions).
Article Outline
Introduction
Variability of emotion-induced changes of eating
Variability across individuals
Variability across emotions
Previous theories
A five-way model
Food-induced emotions control food choice
Intense emotions suppress food intake
Negative and positive emotions impair cognitive eating controls
Negative emotions elicit eating to regulate emotions
Emotions modulate eating in congruence with emotion features
Discussion
Emotion-induced eating in restrained and emotional eaters
Emotion-induced eating in normal eaters
References
Research Reports
Television use and food choices of children: Qualitative approach. Giovanna Medeiros Rataichesck Fiates, Renata D.M.C. Amboni, Evanilda Teixeira. Pages 12-18
Abstract
This study reports the results of 12 focus group interviews with primary school students (7–10 years old, n=57) in Florianópolis, Brazil, regarding their food choices, television (TV) viewing, and physical activity habits. In 2005, an average Brazilian child aged 4–11 years watched TV almost 5 h per day. Intensive TV use in childhood and adolescence may contribute to sedentarism and unhealthy eating habits, and excessive viewing might have long-lasting adverse effects on health. Results indicated that frequent ingestion of snack foods was not a habit for most students, possibly because of an acknowledged parental interference, but these were the food items they bought with their own money. Daily TV viewing was reported by almost all students, especially during meals and before bedtime, but students still found the time to be physically active. Most of them mentioned going to sports classes and engaging in active play regularly. No attempts by the parents to regulate TV viewing in the household were mentioned. The habit of eating while watching TV, together with the students’ behavior as primary consumers of food products, pointed to the need for strategies that will reduce TV viewing and educate the children as consumers.
Article Outline
Introduction
Methods
Study design
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