Appetite, Volume 49, Issues 03 (November 2007)
by: P. Atkins, H.R. Berthoud, N.W. Bond, D. Hoffman, A. Jansen, S. Thornton, Y. Wada and D.A. Zellner (Executive Editors)
en | Elsevier Ltd.
Appetite is an international research journal specializing in behavioural nutrition and the cultural, sensory, and physiological influences on choices and intakes of foods and drinks. It covers normal and disordered eating and drinking, dietary attitudes and practices and all aspects of the bases of human and animal behaviour toward food.
The journal carries short communications, book reviews and abstracts from major meetings in the social science, psychology or neuroscience of food consumption, including the Association for the Study of Food in Society, the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior, and conferences on Food Choice.
Research Areas Include:
• Preventive, experimental and clinical nutrition
• Eating disorders
• Sensory evaluation of foods
• Food attitudes and marketing
• Ethnography of food habits
• Psychology of ingestion
• Zoology of foraging
• Neuroscience of feeding and drinking
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Table of Contents:
Research Review
Glycaemic response to foods: Impact on satiety and long-term weight regulation. Francis R.J. Bornet, Anne-Elodie Jardy-Gennetier, Noémie Jacquet, Julian Stowell. Pages 535-553
Abstract
Should future nutritional recommendations for the general population take into account the notion of glycaemic index (GI)? This question is all the more legitimate as the glycaemic response to foods seems to be a factor that affects satiety and could therefore affect food intake. The aim of this review was to evaluate whether altering the glycaemic response per se can modulate satiety and to assess the short-term and long-term consequences. A systematic review of human intervention studies was performed. Confounding factors that may influence both GI and satiety were taken into consideration when selecting the studies. Thirty-two studies were thus selected and analysed. There is evidence from the short-term studies (less-than-or-equals, slant1 day) that low-glycaemic foods or meals have higher satietogenic effect than high-glycaemic foods or meals. This substantiates claims such as ‘low-GI foods help one to feel fuller for longer than equivalent high-GI foods’. The mechanisms involved may be the specific effect of blood glucose levels on satiety (glucostatic theory) and other stimuli (e.g. peptides) involved in the control of appetite. In some studies, however it seems difficult to tease out the separate effect of the lowering of postprandial glycaemia per se and fibres. Because of the increasing number of confounding variables in the available long-term studies, it is not possible to conclude that low-glycaemic diets mediate a health benefit based on body weight regulation. The difficulty of demonstrating the long-term health benefit of a satietogenic food or diet may constitute an obstacle to the recognition of associated claims.
Article Outline
Introduction
Glycaemic response to foods
GI of foods or diets
Terminology used for description of the glycaemic response to foods
Mechanisms governing food intake and satiety
Effect of the consumption of low-glycaemic foods on satiety
Human studies testing pure carbohydrates
Selection criteria for relevant studies
Overview of the results
Human studies testing carbohydrate foods or mixed meals
Selection criteria for relevant studies
Overview of the results
Hypothetical mechanisms involved
The glucostatic theory
Release of satiety peptides in the small intestine
Effect of the consumption of low-glycaemic diets on food intake and body weight regulation
Selection criteria for relevant studies
Overview of the results
Conclusion
References
Research Reports
Type A behaviour and consumption of an atherogenic diet: No association in the PRIME study. K.M. Appleton, J.V. Woodside, J.W.G. Yarnell, D. Arveiler, B. Haas, P. Amouyel, M. Montaye, J. Ferrières, J.B. Ruidavets, P. Ducimetière, A. Bingham, A. Evans and for the PRIME Study Group. Pages 554-560
Abstract
It has previously been suggested that the association between Type A behaviour and coronary heart disease (CHD) may be mediated through diet. This analysis investigates associations between Type A behaviour and diet, with particular focus on foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol (cake, cheese, eggs and fried potatoes), foods high in unsaturated fats (fish and nuts), and fruit and vegetables. The analysis was conducted on data collected from 10,602 men from Northern Ireland and France screened for inclusion in the PRIME cohort study. Type A behaviour was measured using the Framingham Type A Behaviour Patterns Questionnaire, diet was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and various demographic details were also assessed. Levels of Type A behaviour and intakes of all food groups were similar to previous studies. Using regression, Type A behaviour was significantly associated with diet, and specifically with a higher consumption of cheese and vegetables in Northern Ireland, and a higher consumption of cake, fish and vegetables in France. These associations are most plausibly explained as a result of lifestyle, although the possibility of independent associations between Type A behaviour and diet remains. The work is limited by the use of questionnaires, but the findings available suggest that Type A behaviour is unlikely to be associated with the consumption of a diet that has previously been linked to CHD. These findings suggest that any association between Type A behaviour and CHD is unlikely to be mediated through diet.
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