Appetite, Volume 49, Issue 02 (September 2007)
by: P. Atkins, H.R. Berthoud, N.W. Bond, D. Hoffman, A. Jansen, S. Thornton, Y. Wada and D.A. Zellner (Executive Editors)
en | Elsevier Ltd.
Appetite is an international research journal specializing in behavioural nutrition and the cultural, sensory, and physiological influences on choices and intakes of foods and drinks. It covers normal and disordered eating and drinking, dietary attitudes and practices and all aspects of the bases of human and animal behaviour toward food.
The journal carries short communications, book reviews and abstracts from major meetings in the social science, psychology or neuroscience of food consumption, including the Association for the Study of Food in Society, the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior, and conferences on Food Choice.
Research Areas Include:
• Preventive, experimental and clinical nutrition
• Eating disorders
• Sensory evaluation of foods
• Food attitudes and marketing
• Ethnography of food habits
• Psychology of ingestion
• Zoology of foraging
• Neuroscience of feeding and drinking
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Table of Contents:
Editorial Board. Page IFC.
Richter and Appetite
Guest Editor: Gerard P. Smith
Introduction to four papers on Curt Richter and analysis of his scientific practice. Gerard P. Smith. Pages 347-352
Abstract
Curt Richter was one of the founders of our field. He did outstanding research for over 60 years. Richter did fundamental work in appetite for food and minerals in the 1930s and discovered the homeostatic functions of ingestive behavior. This paper introduces four papers on specific topics of his work by contemporaneous experts. Each of the papers reviews Richter's experiments and then shows how the problem developed since he left it. The papers demonstrate that providing the historical basis for contemporary science is not only instructive, it is also heuristic for the science waiting to be done. In addition to introducing the four papers, I analyze the scientific ideas, values, and men that influenced Richter's scientific practice. I conclude that Claude Bernard, Walter Cannon, Francois Magendie, and Maurice Arthus were important for Richter's scientific ideas and values, but it was the joy of research that explains his experimental success for over 60 years.
Article Outline
Introduction
Ideas, values, and scientific practice
Magendie and Arthus
Joy of research
Acknowledgements
References
Richter and sodium appetite: From adrenalectomy to molecular biology. Eric G. Krause, Randall R. Sakai. Pages 353-367
Abstract
Nearly three-quarters of a century ago, Curt Richter removed the adrenal glands from rats and noted that the animal's vitality was dependent on its increased consumption of sodium chloride. In doing so, Richter revealed an innate behavioral mechanism that serves to maintain the hydromineral balance of an animal faced with sodium deficit. This experiment and others like it, led to the development of a field of research devoted to the investigation of salt appetite. The following is a discussion of how Richter's initial observations gave birth to an evolving field that incorporates multiple approaches to examine the drive to consume sodium.
Article Outline
The discovery of salt appetite
Arousal of salt appetite: contributions of aldosterone
Arousal of salt appetite: contributions of angiotensin II
Arousal of salt appetite: the synergy hypothesis
Central interactions of aldosterone and angiotensin II
Other contributors: baroreceptors and osmoreceptors
Sodium deficit and gustatory processing
Peripheral gustatory processing
Central gustatory processing
Satiation and inhibition of salt appetite
Sex differences
Summary and interpretation
Proposed model and remaining questions
Acknowledgements
References
Curt Richter: Spontaneous activity and food intake. Timothy H. Moran, Kellie L.K. Tamashiro. Pages 368-375
Abstract
Curt Richter's seminal contributions to the field of psychobiology continue to enlighten us today. His approaches to scientific questions, his ability to design ways of allowing his research subjects (usually rats) to answer his questions and his unique style of data presentation inform current investigations into the biological bases of behavior. One of Richter's earliest interests was identifying the causes of rhythmic spontaneous activity. Richter demonstrated an important relationship between bouts of activity and food intake in the laboratory rat. In his search for a causal link, he invoked contemporary thinking about the relationships between gastric contractions and hunger. Although his idea for a causal role for stomach contractions in eliciting spontaneous activity and food intake was mistaken, this early work identified themes for many of Richter's subsequent contributions and his behavioral observations continue to be relevant for current investigations.
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